OVERVIEW GLOSSARY OF SECTION/CLASS TERMS National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW GENERAL INFORMATION FOR COMPETITION WRITING AWARDS ENTERING COMPETITION Award types Entries committee Entry blanks Entry fees Exhibitors Mailing/shipping entries Mounting requirements Name and address labels Number of entries DIVISIONS Division I Old Division II Uniform Division III Modern Division IV Related specialties Division IX Age not considered Division VI Non-competitive Division VII-A Junior juniors Division VII-B Intermediate juniors Division VIII Educational exhibits SIZE OF GROUPINGS AND NUMBER OF BUTTONS GUIDELINES FOR COMPETITION Assortments Back types assorted Classes Complete representation Conversions and make-ups Divisions Duplicates Free choice Labeling Materials assorted Mounted in/on metal Sets Pictorials assorted Repaired buttons Reproductions Sections Shapes assorted Studio buttons JUDGING Disqualification Errors National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.2 RIBBONS AND PRIZES Monetary prizes Presentation award prizes Ribbons OFFICIAL NBS CLASSIFICATION FOR COMPETITION DIVISIONS I, III AND IX DIVISION II - UNIFORM DIVISION IV - RELATED SPECIALTIES GLOSSARY OF SECTION/CLASS TERMS DIVISIONS I, III and IX SECTION 1 - CELLULOID SECTION 2 - CERAMICS SECTION 3 - CHINA SECTION 4 - ENAMELS SECTION 5 - FABRICS/TEXTILES SECTION 6 - GLASS, BLACK SECTION 7 - GLASS, CLEAR AND COLORED SECTION 8 - GLASS MOUNTED IN/ON METAL SECTION 9 - HORN SECTION 10 - METALS SECTION 11 - SHELL SECTION 12 - SYNTHETIC POLYMERS SECTION 13 - VEGETABLE IVORY SECTION 14 - WOOD SECTION 15 - OTHER MATERIALS SECTION 16 - MATERIALS SUMMARY SECTION 17 - ANIMAL SECTION 18 - OBJECTS SECTION 19 - PLANTS SECTION 20 - OTHER PICTORIALS SECTION 21 - PICTORIALS SUMMARY SECTION 22 - PATTERNS, SYMBOLS SECTION 23 - SPECIFIC TYPES SECTION 24 - EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SECTION 25 - USAGE, NON-MILITARY SECTION 26 - COMPLETE SUMMARY SECTION 27 - PAIRS/SETS DIVISION II SECTION 1 - UNITED STATES SECTION 2 - FOREIGN DIVISION IV SECTION 2 - BUCKLES/CLASPS SECTION 5 - COSTUME TRIMMINGS SECTION 6 - LINKS SECTION 7 - NETSUKE SECTION 8 - OBI DOME SECTION 10 - STUDS SECTION 11 - OTHER RELATED SPECIALTIES GLOSSARY OF GENERAL TERMS. National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.3 OVERVIEW Buttons are classified according to age, use, size, material, and design. Age and use are specified by division. Refer to page 5. Sizes are described on page 6. Materials, pictorial subjects and construction techniques are specified by sections and further broken down into classes and decimal sub-classes. The section number precedes each class number to aid identification. Less common types of buttons without specific class numbers are included in major classes. In clear and colored glass, for example, coralene is included under construction assorted. This book is organized as follows: 1. General information and procedures for competition. 2. Classification listing of materials, pictorials and other specific types of buttons divided into divisions, sections and classes. 3. Glossary of terms specific to sections/classes. 4. Glossary of general terms. New information appears in italics. For additional information, refer to recent NBS BULLETIN articles and classification handbooks listed in each NBS BULLETIN inside the back cover. Indexes are available for past NBS BULLETIN articles. GENERAL INFORMATION FOR COMPETITION WRITING AWARDS Awards may be submitted in writing to the Awards Chairperson by any member of the National Button Society. Awards, dedications (in memory of ...or in honor of ...) if desired, and accompanying payment must be received by August 25. The standard minimum award donation is $10.00 ($5 first prize, $3 second and $2 third). Larger amounts may be designated by the donor. Presentation awards are submitted to the Board of Directors. Awards may limit entries to a certain group of competitors, e.g., first time entrants. Awards are written by designating a division, class(es), and size conforming to the NBS Classification published in February of the year prior to the year of the show. A hyphen connects each class to its section. The class determines judging priority with other factors judged as secondary. For instance, pictorial awards are judged first on pictorial content, with materials, shapes, back types, etc., given less weight. A stated class may further be specialized by design, subject matter, working method or other characteristic such as shape or color, e.g., white glass specialized to art deco design or birds specialized to those in flight. The plus (+) sign may be used to designate two or more classes within the same division. Unlisted classes may be designated only if a desired specialization cannot be assigned to a listed class. Any applicable class not excluded in the award description may be included as long as the class indicated in the award is represented by each button. When writing awards, limiting the number of studio National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.4 buttons allowed and requiring the labeling of makers is strongly encouraged. Unless specified otherwise, an assortment of materials is assumed. For an assorted materials award (not a materials summary), specify Cls. 1- 0 through 15- 5. To include all pictorial sections, use Cls. 17- 0 through 20- 0. When required by section or class, labeling by class and mounting in numerical order is mandatory. Otherwise, awards may include special instructions to suit the donor. Descriptions should be clear and concise so entrants and judges will understand the intent. Highly specialized awards limit competition. Awards should inspire further study and enjoyment of our buttons. The Awards Chairperson may edit awards if necessary. Awards of questionable taste, self-promoting awards aimed at sales, or other awards not in the best interest of the National Button Society, will not be accepted. ENTERING COMPETITION Award types: A point system is used to calculate the high point winner of presentation, and special awards for each show. Open: A category for trays not corresponding to any currently listed Special or Presentation awards. All trays entered in open competition shall conform to the classification edition in use for special awards, the standard numbers and sizes. Variations such as "25 Any Size" are not allowed. Any entry corresponding in all details to any Special or Presentation award will not be allowed in open competition but will be placed in competition with the sponsored award entries. All trays entered in open competition shall have the "OPEN" box on the tray slip checked. A member may enter a maximum of 10 trays in open competition. Presentation: Trophy or monetary awards sponsored by state societies, local clubs or individuals with prizes presented at the annual awards breakfast. A member may enter any number of these awards unless mailed (refer to page 5, Mailing/shipping entries). Special: A competitive award sponsored by an individual or club offering ribbon and donor prize money. A member may enter any number of these awards unless mailed (refer to page 5, Mailing/shipping entries). Entries committee: The Entries committee shall correct minor errors made by exhibitors in filling out entry blanks and tray slips. However, exhibitors are responsible for following directions printed with the entry sheet(s), filling in the blanks correctly, and attaching the appropriate tray slip(s) securely to entries without hindering judges' access. Entry blanks: An “Application for Entries” blank inserted in the May NBS Bulletin must be filled out and sent (along with check or money order payable to the National Button Society) to the person designated on the blank. Orders cannot be accepted after the deadline indicated on the blank. Entry fees: There are no fees for entries in Divs. VII-A, -B Juniors, or Div. VIII Educational exhibits. However, entry sheets and tray slips are required. Fees for entering competitive and non-competitive divisions are 50 cents each. Juniors entering Divs. I, II, III, IV, and IX must be regular members and pay the above fee. Exhibitors: Each exhibitor in Divs. I through VII and Div. IX shall be a member (regular or junior) of the National Button Society and shall be the owner of the buttons exhibited in a competitive division under his or her name. National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.5 Mailing/shipping entries: Members who mail in trays for competition shall be limited to 50 trays. Shipped trays must arrive at the show destination by the set-up date. Competitors who do not follow the guidelines for mailing in trays, as determined by the president and show manager, may have their trays excluded from competition in the current show. Trays arriving after the judging has started cannot be judged. Mounting requirements: All cards must measure 9x12 inches exclusive of frame which should not measure less than 10x13 inches nor more than 10x13 1/2 inches. Cards shall be mounted in standard wood frames or vinyl envelopes to be hung properly on the Society's exhibit racks. Cards covered with cellophane or other plastic film with attached hanger are not suitable. When back marks or shanks are vital factors in proper judging, buttons shall be mounted on transparent plastic (acetate), or mounted with elastic thread so the backs may be seen without removal. Exceptions are glass swirlbacks and other buttons of an extremely fragile nature. Name and address labels: The exhibitor’s name shall appear only on the entry sheet(s). Tray(s) with entrant’s name and/or address visible to the judges will be disqualified. The entry number (assigned to each exhibitor by the Entries chairperson) should be placed on the back of each mounting card as an added safeguard. Number of entries: An exhibitor is limited to a single entry in each size grouping of each class, or specialization thereof, in Divs. I, II, III, IV and IX. Refer to page 4, Award types, for further limitations. DIVISIONS Refer to page 8 for more information about divisions. Division I Old: Includes old (pre-1918) non-uniform buttons. Division II Uniform: Includes only uniform buttons and has no age restrictions beyond that imposed by individual classes. Division III Modern: Includes modern (post-1918) non-uniform buttons. Division IV Related specialties: Includes button related items such as studs, dress trim, etc. Division IX Age not considered: Includes buttons eligible in Divs. I and/or III regardless of age. No balance is implied; may include all modern or all old unless specified otherwise in the award. Division VI Non-competitive: Members may exhibit trays of buttons without concern for competition or standardization. Attractive combinations of buttons, groupings of old and modern buttons, winning trays from former years, etc., may be entered here. The only restriction is that all entries be mounted on standard 9x12 inch cards for a uniform and attractive display. Tray slips are required. Division VII-A Junior juniors: Open to boys and girls, age 6 through 12 inclusive, who have paid their annual Junior Membership dues to the secretary. Division VII-B Intermediate juniors: Open to boys and girls, age 13 through 17 inclusive, who have paid their annual Junior Membership dues to the secretary. National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.6 Any junior may also enter the regular competitive divisions upon payment of the regular membership fee. Special Awards are offered to stimulate the display of buttons by Junior members. Cards of buttons entered in this division shall be of the standard 9 x 12 inch size, either in standard wood frames or vinyl envelopes. The buttons must be the property of the entrant, and the selection, arrangement and labeling shall be done by the entrant. For Special Awards, the class number shall appear on the entry slips. When the number of buttons is not specified, at least 10 and not more than the standard requirement for the particular size are used. Division VIII Educational exhibits: Non-competitive exhibits of an educational nature limited only to the number of trays (standard size) specified below. Labeling and narrative increase interest and understanding. There are no fees, but entry sheets and tray slips are required. State Societies are allotted rack space equal to 3 rows of 4 standard frames each. Fewer than the maximum of 12 trays may be entered if desired. Local clubs are limited to 6 standard frames. Individuals are limited to 3 standard frames. SIZE OF GROUPINGS AND NUMBER OF BUTTONS Following are the accepted sizes and numbers of buttons for competition unless otherwise specified in a special award: LARGE: 11/4 inches and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 buttons MEDIUM: 3/4 to 11/4 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 buttons SMALL: 3/8 to 3/4 inch.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 buttons DIMINUTIVE: Up to 3/8 inch with no minimum size. . . . . . . 70 buttons MEDIUM-LARGE: Assortment of medium and large. . . . . . . 24 buttons MIXED: Assortment of medium and small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 buttons VARIOUS: Assortment of large, medium, and small. . . . . . . . 25 buttons Note: Numbers and sizes of buttons are strictly enforced. The official NBS measure will be the ultimate test for a button's eligibility in any size group. Judges shall check with two types of measure before disqualifying a tray. Size is determined by the main body of the button. Neither rigid nor flexible additions to the body are included in the measurement. Matching pairs: Trays specialized entirely to pairs of buttons identical except for size. A pair is comprised of 2 different NBS sizes. Refer to size groupings and number requirements below and page 62 for further information. Medium-small: 15 pairs Medium-large: 12 pairs Large-small: 14 pairs Medium-Large: Trays shall contain a minimum of 10 buttons of each size, medium and large, for a total of 20 of the 24 buttons required. Any mixture of medium and large may be used for the 4 free choices after the above size requirements have been fulfilled. National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.7 Mixed: Trays shall contain a minimum of 15 buttons of each size, small and medium, for a total of 30 of the 35 buttons required. Any mixture of medium and small may be used for the 5 free choices after the above size requirements have been fulfilled. Pairs/Sets: Refer to page 31. Realistic Shapes: Trays specialized entirely to realistic shapes shall contain 30 buttons of any size unless otherwise specified in the award. Various: Trays shall contain a minimum of 6 buttons of each size, small, medium, and large, for a total of 18 of the 25 buttons required. Any mixture of large, medium, small, and diminutive may be used for the 7 free choices after the above size requirements have been fulfilled. GUIDELINES FOR COMPETITION The following paragraphs address some of the principles involved in preparing entries for competition to promote understanding between exhibitor and judge. Exhibitors and judges at the National Show competition shall adhere to National Button Society rules only. Assortments: In sections beginning with class “0" (assorted), the intent of that class is to represent all types of buttons in that section. Within each section, the major classes are in bold type. Sub-classes are indicated with decimals. In an assortment of an entire section, each major class or one of its sub-classes should be represented. Although a single button might represent multiple classes within a section, each button may represent only one class when labeling. In an assortment of a major class, each sub-class should be represented. Back types assorted: Any type of button shank or sew-through is appropriate throughout the competitive classification. Overall buttons with riveted and wobble shanks are included. Related specialty types such as studs or links belong in Div. IV. Refer to page 60, Back types. Classes: Sections are divided into major classes (bold print) and decimal subclasses. Classes are generally assigned to those materials, subjects and types with enough buttons available to assemble whole trays for competition in the given division(s). Buttons not assigned a class number may be used in an appropriate major or unlisted class. For instance, an award might specify mammals specialized to whales. Although a given class may not be listed under a division due to scarcity, buttons from that division may be used in competition. For example, impression inlay is listed under Div. I only, but rare examples of metal impression inlays in modern glass may be used in Divs. III and IX awards. A button fitting the award criteria, regardless of whether it can be used under another class, is acceptable unless specifically excluded by the award. Buttons with decorative finishes (DF) and/or other material embellishment (OME) are acceptable unless specifically excluded by the award. When different types or techniques fall under the same class number, e.g., opaque, translucent, credit is given for each. Types or techniques separated by slashes are considered synonymous and counted as one, e.g., turned/lathed. Refer to page 34, Slashes or commas. Unlisted classes often include rarer types of buttons that provide a more complete representation of the section and credit is given for each different type represented. National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.8 Complete representation: The purpose of any award is to represent the greatest variety of buttons possible within the specified category. Although some classes are more specialized in nature than others, the exhibitor should strive toward complete and proportionate representation of the class using the best assortment of buttons he/she can find to do so. It is to the exhibitor’s advantage to include examples such as back marks, back types, shapes, etc., found within the specified class(es). Label back marks. Caution should be used to avoid: 1) using two or more buttons from a set; 2) overloading with any one particular type of button, e.g. realistics, studios, or 18 century or 3) overloading with any single material when an award calls for an assortment of materials. (To evaluate “overloading”, use the 20% or less rule of thumb.) Conversions and make-ups: Not applicable in any class. Refer to page 72, Conversions, and to page 75, Make-ups. Converted pearl gaming pieces are not acceptable in any division. Divisions: Buttons shall conform to the division designated in the award. Buttons appropriate in one division are generally not applicable in another division. Div. II buttons may be used in Divs. I, III, and IX awards only if so stated in the award. They will be judged as the other buttons on the tray, without regard to special Div. II status. Refer to page 5. Duplicates: Not appropriate unless specified. Refer to page 73. Free choice: Pertains only to materials, types or subjects specified in the award. For example, free choice on a tray of reptiles specialized to turtles and snakes includes only turtles or snakes, not other reptiles. Labeling: Although not required unless specified in the classification or by the award, labeling aids judges and educates viewers. Assortment classes 6- 0, 7- 0, 20- 0 and summary Secs. 16, 21, and 26 require labeling all buttons according to class and mounting in numerical order. Each button shall be labeled with only one class number whether or not it may represent more than one class. Rebus buttons and pictorial symbols (Sec. 22) require labeling, as well as awards written for radiants (Sec.7). Back marks may be labeled “back mark” or described (“Battersea 1998" for example). The buttons of Div. II should be labeled whenever the name of the issuing organization is not shown in the button design, even if the logo or insignia is commonly recognized. Labels should be typed or printed legibly and placed on the front of the tray. Inaccurate labeling when labeling is required can result in the disqualification of the tray at the discretion of the judges with the approval of the Chairperson of judges. Inaccurate labeling when labeling is not a requirement will not disqualify the tray but will detract from it. Materials assorted: Awards in Secs. I through 15 focus primarily on the button material. The first class (zero class) of each material section of Divs. I, III and IX indicates a representative assortment of the material contained in that section, including those in the unlisted class. Subsequent major classes within a section may have their own assortments (the decimal classes which follow). Listed and unlisted materials receive equal credit. Awards for materials assorted are written Cl. 1- 0 through 15- 5. National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.9 A balanced assortment of materials is assumed unless an award specifies material(s) by class or description. The body of the button determines the material with three exceptions. Refer to page 71, Base material. Each different material receives equal credit, but “overloading” from a single section should be avoided. Individual metals (brass, silver, pewter, etc.), ceramics (Satsuma, Jasperware, etc.), shell (iridescent, non-iridescent), and synthetic polymers (phenolic resins, casein, polyester, etc.) are considered different materials. For classification purposes, clear and colored glass is considered a different material from black glass and celluloid is separate from synthetic polymer. Where variety of materials is scarce in a particular award, different techniques of the available materials are acceptable. Mounted in/on metal: Refer to page 75, Materials mounted in/on metal. Pairs/Sets: Refer to page 67. Pictorials assorted: Awards in Secs. 17 through 21 focus primarily on the pictorial aspect of the buttons. Entries should not only emphasize a representative assortment of the pictorial subject(s) involved but also include an assortment of materials and techniques unless otherwise specified in the award. To include all pictorial sections, write as Cls. 17- 0 through 20- 0. Buttons most appropriate in one pictorial section are generally inappropriate in others. There are however, pictorial crossovers, buttons appropriate in more than one pictorial category. For example, crest buttons may be used in Sec. 25, Usage; Sec. 18, Objects (heraldic devices); and pictorial classes relating to their subject matter. Unless otherwise specified in the award, buttons with more than one subject should be used in the class of the predominant subject. For instance, predominant flowers shown with small insects or birds are appropriate in Sec. 19. Buttons that focus equally on more than one pictorial section are acceptable in all sections represented, e.g., fable or story buttons with animals are appropriate in both Secs. 17 and 20; baskets of flowers are appropriate in both Secs. 18 and 19. Repaired buttons: Permissible. Reproductions: May be used in Divs. III and IX. Sections: Divisions are divided into sections according to materials, pictorial subjects or other specific characteristics. Shapes assorted: All three shape types (linear, contour, and realistic) should be represented if applicable to the award. Refer to page 62. In classes where shapes other than circular are relatively scarce, judges may give extra credit for rarity. However, shapes should not take precedence over class representation. Studio buttons: Studios may be used on a Div. III or IX tray unless the award excludes or limits their use. Labeling is recommended. Refer to page 63. National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.10 JUDGING According to NBS Documents of Governance, the Co-chairpersons of Judges have full authority to establish the rules for judging and spotting. When all trays in a single award have been judged, spotters appointed by the judging co-chairs will review the entries before hanging the trays. In the case of errors or omissions the spotters will notify a judging co-chair who may: consult a member of the classification committee and/or other knowledgeable person, request judges revisit the award, or ask for re-judging. The Co-chairpersons of Judges make the final decision regarding awards and declare the competition closed at the appropriate time. Judging is not considered final until the trays are hung and the Co-chairpersons of Judges have left the judging area. Disqualification: Trays shall be disqualified for the following reasons: 1) exhibitor’s name anywhere on the entry, 2) incorrect number of buttons, 3) incorrect number of specified sizes, 4) incorrect button(s) for award division, section or class specifications, 5) omitted or incorrect labeling when required, 6) omitted or incorrect labeling and/or numerical mounting when required for summaries and assortments. Errors: A tray shall not be disqualified from judging and competition if the error is of a classification nature that can be corrected by reclassifying the tray. Errors involving inaccurate labeling when labeling is required can result in the disqualification of the tray at the discretion of the judges with the approval of the Chairperson of judges. Errors involving inaccurate labeling when labeling is not required, the use of duplicate buttons, etc., will not disqualify a tray but will detract from its total worth. Although judged, prizes may be withheld if the judges deem a tray unworthy of such award. Errors shall be noted by the judges on the "Remarks" section of the tray slip and the inappropriate button(s) indicated with a "measle" (small round sticker). RIBBONS AND PRIZES Monetary prizes: Checks shall be mailed to Special Awards first, second, third and merit winners. Presentation award prizes: Sponsored presentation awards are handled by a separate committee. State societies, clubs, or individuals may donate monetary prizes for specified classes. By ruling of the Board of Directors, special monetary prizes will be awarded when one or more worthy trays are entered. An entry receiving a merit award shall be awarded the prize if it is deemed worthy of same by the Co-chairpersons of Judges. Prizes shall be presented at the annual awards breakfast. Ribbons: Ribbons are given to the first, second, third and merit winners for competitive and open awards. First, second and third prizes: If adequate competition exists (three or more entries) but one or more entries are deemed unworthy by reason of quality or error, the judges, in consultation with the Co-chairpersons of Judges, shall withhold the prize(s) involved. Merit: If fewer than three entries are submitted in a single competitive class, neither the first nor second prize shall be given. Provided it is worthy of such recognition, the entry (if the only one or the better of two), shall receive a merit ribbon. Except for number of points, this award is the equivalent of a first prize. GLOSSARY OF SECTION This glossary defines and explains classes for the purpose of competition. In Divs. I, III and IX, definitions and explanations apply to all three divisions unless Div. I or Div. III follows the class title indicating more availability of buttons in that division. Refer to page 7, Classes. Slashes or commas are used to indicate the eligibility of at least two types of buttons within a class and implies either or both types may be used. When a slash separates listed items, credit is given only once for that type since the terms are considered synonymous. For instance, in Class 11- 4.4, shell transfer/decal, examples of transfers or decals receive credit only once, since the processes are so similar. When commas separate listed types or techniques within a single class, credit is given for each different type. For instance, in Cl. 11- 5.3, shell laminate, veneer, examples of both techniques may be used, if desired, with credit given for each one. Major classes are designated by bold print. An extended decimal numbering system creates specialized sub-classes within a class. An assortment of the entire section shall be designated by the section number followed by a zero. For instance, Celluloid assorted is designated by the class number 1- 0, and Plants assorted is designated by the class number 19- 0. An assortment for the entire section should include each major (bold) class or a subclass thereof. Likewise, when preparing an entry of a major class number, represent as many of the decimal classes of that number as possible for a well-rounded tray. Unlisted classes offer opportunities to use rare examples not represented by a class number. Complete Classification Listing Sections and Classes Divisions I, II, III, IV, and IX DIVISION I OLD DIVISION III MODERN (After 1918) DIVISION IX AGE NOT CONSIDERED DIVISION II UNIFORM DIVISION IV SPECIALTIES DIVISION VI NON-COMPETITIVE DIVISION VII-A JUNIOR JUNIORS (8 – 12) DIVISION VII-B INTERMEDIATE JUNIORS (13 – 17) DIVISION VIII EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITS ©2008 National Button Society These pages are for internet reference only. The page numbers in the printed Blue Book version will not match page numbers printed off this website. Click this link to return to the Classification & Glossary page. Click this link to return to the HOME page.

OVERVIEW

GLOSSARY OF SECTION/CLASS TERMS

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OVERVIEW

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR COMPETITION

WRITING AWARDS

ENTERING COMPETITION

Award types

Entries committee

Entry blanks

Entry fees

Exhibitors

Mailing/shipping entries

Mounting requirements

Name and address labels

Number of entries

DIVISIONS

Division I Old

Division II Uniform

Division III Modern

Division IV Related specialties

Division IX Age not considered

Division VI Non-competitive

Division VII-A Junior juniors

Division VII-B Intermediate juniors

Division VIII Educational exhibits

SIZE OF GROUPINGS AND NUMBER OF BUTTONS

GUIDELINES FOR COMPETITION

Assortments

Back types assorted

Classes

Complete representation

Conversions and make-ups

Divisions

Duplicates

Free choice

Labeling

Materials assorted

Mounted in/on metal

Sets

Pictorials assorted

Repaired buttons

Reproductions

Sections

Shapes assorted

Studio buttons

JUDGING

Disqualification

Errors

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.2

RIBBONS AND PRIZES

Monetary prizes

Presentation award prizes

Ribbons

OFFICIAL NBS CLASSIFICATION FOR COMPETITION

DIVISIONS I, III AND IX

DIVISION II - UNIFORM

DIVISION IV - RELATED SPECIALTIES

GLOSSARY OF SECTION/CLASS TERMS

DIVISIONS I, III and IX

SECTION 1 - CELLULOID

SECTION 2 - CERAMICS

SECTION 3 - CHINA

SECTION 4 - ENAMELS

SECTION 5 - FABRICS/TEXTILES

SECTION 6 - GLASS, BLACK

SECTION 7 - GLASS, CLEAR AND COLORED

SECTION 8 - GLASS MOUNTED IN/ON METAL

SECTION 9 - HORN

SECTION 10 - METALS

SECTION 11 - SHELL

SECTION 12 - SYNTHETIC POLYMERS

SECTION 13 - VEGETABLE IVORY

SECTION 14 - WOOD

SECTION 15 - OTHER MATERIALS

SECTION 16 - MATERIALS SUMMARY

SECTION 17 - ANIMAL

SECTION 18 - OBJECTS

SECTION 19 - PLANTS

SECTION 20 - OTHER PICTORIALS

SECTION 21 - PICTORIALS SUMMARY

SECTION 22 - PATTERNS, SYMBOLS

SECTION 23 - SPECIFIC TYPES

SECTION 24 - EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

SECTION 25 - USAGE, NON-MILITARY

SECTION 26 - COMPLETE SUMMARY

SECTION 27 - PAIRS/SETS

DIVISION II

SECTION 1 - UNITED STATES

SECTION 2 - FOREIGN

DIVISION IV

SECTION 2 - BUCKLES/CLASPS

SECTION 5 - COSTUME TRIMMINGS

SECTION 6 - LINKS

SECTION 7 - NETSUKE

SECTION 8 - OBI DOME

SECTION 10 - STUDS

SECTION 11 - OTHER RELATED SPECIALTIES

GLOSSARY OF GENERAL TERMS.

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.3

OVERVIEW

Buttons are classified according to age, use, size, material, and design.

Age and use are specified by division. Refer to page 5.

Sizes are described on page 6.

Materials, pictorial subjects and construction techniques are specified by

sections and further broken down into classes and decimal sub-classes. The

section number precedes each class number to aid identification. Less common

types of buttons without specific class numbers are included in major classes. In

clear and colored glass, for example, coralene is included under construction

assorted.

This book is organized as follows:

1. General information and procedures for competition.

2. Classification listing of materials, pictorials and other specific types of

buttons divided into divisions, sections and classes.

3. Glossary of terms specific to sections/classes.

4. Glossary of general terms.

New information appears in italics.

For additional information, refer to recent NBS BULLETIN articles and

classification handbooks listed in each NBS BULLETIN inside the back cover.

Indexes are available for past NBS BULLETIN articles.

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR COMPETITION

WRITING AWARDS

Awards may be submitted in writing to the Awards Chairperson by any member

of the National Button Society. Awards, dedications (in memory of ...or in honor

of ...) if desired, and accompanying payment must be received by August 25.

The standard minimum award donation is $10.00 ($5 first prize, $3 second and

$2 third). Larger amounts may be designated by the donor. Presentation awards

are submitted to the Board of Directors. Awards may limit entries to a certain

group of competitors, e.g., first time entrants.

Awards are written by designating a division, class(es), and size conforming

to the NBS Classification published in February of the year prior to the year of

the show. A hyphen connects each class to its section. The class determines

judging priority with other factors judged as secondary. For instance, pictorial

awards are judged first on pictorial content, with materials, shapes, back types,

etc., given less weight. A stated class may further be specialized by design,

subject matter, working method or other characteristic such as shape or color,

e.g., white glass specialized to art deco design or birds specialized to those in

flight. The plus (+) sign may be used to designate two or more classes within the

same division. Unlisted classes may be designated only if a desired specialization

cannot be assigned to a listed class. Any applicable class not excluded in the

award description may be included as long as the class indicated in the award is

represented by each button. When writing awards, limiting the number of studio

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.4

buttons allowed and requiring the labeling of makers is strongly encouraged.

Unless specified otherwise, an assortment of materials is assumed. For an

assorted materials award (not a materials summary), specify Cls. 1- 0 through 15-

5. To include all pictorial sections, use Cls. 17- 0 through 20- 0. When required

by section or class, labeling by class and mounting in numerical order is

mandatory. Otherwise, awards may include special instructions to suit the donor.

Descriptions should be clear and concise so entrants and judges will understand

the intent. Highly specialized awards limit competition. Awards should inspire

further study and enjoyment of our buttons. The Awards Chairperson may edit

awards if necessary. Awards of questionable taste, self-promoting awards aimed

at sales, or other awards not in the best interest of the National Button Society,

will not be accepted.

ENTERING COMPETITION

Award types: A point system is used to calculate the high point winner of

presentation, and special awards for each show.

Open: A category for trays not corresponding to any currently listed

Special or Presentation awards. All trays entered in open competition shall

conform to the classification edition in use for special awards, the standard

numbers and sizes. Variations such as "25 Any Size" are not allowed. Any

entry corresponding in all details to any Special or Presentation award will

not be allowed in open competition but will be placed in competition with

the sponsored award entries. All trays entered in open competition shall

have the "OPEN" box on the tray slip checked. A member may enter a

maximum of 10 trays in open competition.

Presentation: Trophy or monetary awards sponsored by state societies,

local clubs or individuals with prizes presented at the annual awards

breakfast. A member may enter any number of these awards unless mailed

(refer to page 5, Mailing/shipping entries).

Special: A competitive award sponsored by an individual or club offering

ribbon and donor prize money. A member may enter any number of these

awards unless mailed (refer to page 5, Mailing/shipping entries).

Entries committee: The Entries committee shall correct minor errors made by

exhibitors in filling out entry blanks and tray slips. However, exhibitors are

responsible for following directions printed with the entry sheet(s), filling in the

blanks correctly, and attaching the appropriate tray slip(s) securely to entries

without hindering judges' access.

Entry blanks: An “Application for Entries” blank inserted in the May NBS

Bulletin must be filled out and sent (along with check or money order payable to

the National Button Society) to the person designated on the blank. Orders

cannot be accepted after the deadline indicated on the blank.

Entry fees: There are no fees for entries in Divs. VII-A, -B Juniors, or Div.

VIII Educational exhibits. However, entry sheets and tray slips are required.

Fees for entering competitive and non-competitive divisions are 50 cents each.

Juniors entering Divs. I, II, III, IV, and IX must be regular members and pay the

above fee.

Exhibitors: Each exhibitor in Divs. I through VII and Div. IX shall be a

member (regular or junior) of the National Button Society and shall be the owner

of the buttons exhibited in a competitive division under his or her name.

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.5

Mailing/shipping entries: Members who mail in trays for competition shall

be limited to 50 trays. Shipped trays must arrive at the show destination by the

set-up date. Competitors who do not follow the guidelines for mailing in trays,

as determined by the president and show manager, may have their trays excluded

from competition in the current show. Trays arriving after the judging has started

cannot be judged.

Mounting requirements: All cards must measure 9x12 inches exclusive of

frame which should not measure less than 10x13 inches nor more than 10x13 1/2

inches. Cards shall be mounted in standard wood frames or vinyl envelopes to

be hung properly on the Society's exhibit racks. Cards covered with cellophane

or other plastic film with attached hanger are not suitable.

When back marks or shanks are vital factors in proper judging, buttons shall

be mounted on transparent plastic (acetate), or mounted with elastic thread so the

backs may be seen without removal. Exceptions are glass swirlbacks and other

buttons of an extremely fragile nature.

Name and address labels: The exhibitor’s name shall appear only on the entry

sheet(s). Tray(s) with entrant’s name and/or address visible to the judges will be

disqualified. The entry number (assigned to each exhibitor by the Entries

chairperson) should be placed on the back of each mounting card as an added

safeguard.

Number of entries: An exhibitor is limited to a single entry in each size

grouping of each class, or specialization thereof, in Divs. I, II, III, IV and IX.

Refer to page 4, Award types, for further limitations.

DIVISIONS

Refer to page 8 for more information about divisions.

Division I Old: Includes old (pre-1918) non-uniform buttons.

Division II Uniform: Includes only uniform buttons and has no age

restrictions beyond that imposed by individual classes.

Division III Modern: Includes modern (post-1918) non-uniform buttons.

Division IV Related specialties: Includes button related items such as studs,

dress trim, etc.

Division IX Age not considered: Includes buttons eligible in Divs. I and/or

III regardless of age. No balance is implied; may include all modern or all old

unless specified otherwise in the award.

Division VI Non-competitive: Members may exhibit trays of buttons without

concern for competition or standardization. Attractive combinations of buttons,

groupings of old and modern buttons, winning trays from former years, etc., may

be entered here. The only restriction is that all entries be mounted on standard

9x12 inch cards for a uniform and attractive display. Tray slips are required.

Division VII-A Junior juniors: Open to boys and girls, age 6 through 12

inclusive, who have paid their annual Junior Membership dues to the secretary.

Division VII-B Intermediate juniors: Open to boys and girls, age 13

through 17 inclusive, who have paid their annual Junior Membership dues to the

secretary.

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.6

Any junior may also enter the regular competitive divisions upon payment of

the regular membership fee. Special Awards are offered to stimulate the display

of buttons by Junior members. Cards of buttons entered in this division shall be

of the standard 9 x 12 inch size, either in standard wood frames or vinyl

envelopes. The buttons must be the property of the entrant, and the selection,

arrangement and labeling shall be done by the entrant. For Special Awards, the

class number shall appear on the entry slips. When the number of buttons is not

specified, at least 10 and not more than the standard requirement for the

particular size are used.

Division VIII Educational exhibits: Non-competitive exhibits of an

educational nature limited only to the number of trays (standard size) specified

below. Labeling and narrative increase interest and understanding. There are

no fees, but entry sheets and tray slips are required.

State Societies are allotted rack space equal to 3 rows of 4 standard frames

each. Fewer than the maximum of 12 trays may be entered if desired.

Local clubs are limited to 6 standard frames.

Individuals are limited to 3 standard frames.

SIZE OF GROUPINGS AND NUMBER OF BUTTONS

Following are the accepted sizes and numbers of buttons for competition

unless otherwise specified in a special award:

LARGE: 11/4 inches and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 buttons

MEDIUM: 3/4 to 11/4 inches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 buttons

SMALL: 3/8 to 3/4 inch.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 buttons

DIMINUTIVE: Up to 3/8 inch with no minimum size. . . . . . . 70 buttons

MEDIUM-LARGE: Assortment of medium and large. . . . . . . 24 buttons

MIXED: Assortment of medium and small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 buttons

VARIOUS: Assortment of large, medium, and small. . . . . . . . 25 buttons

Note: Numbers and sizes of buttons are strictly enforced. The official NBS

measure will be the ultimate test for a button's eligibility in any size group.

Judges shall check with two types of measure before disqualifying a tray. Size

is determined by the main body of the button. Neither rigid nor flexible additions

to the body are included in the measurement.

Matching pairs: Trays specialized entirely to pairs of buttons identical

except for size. A pair is comprised of 2 different NBS sizes. Refer to size

groupings and number requirements below and page 62 for further information.

Medium-small: 15 pairs

Medium-large: 12 pairs

Large-small: 14 pairs

Medium-Large: Trays shall contain a minimum of 10 buttons of each size,

medium and large, for a total of 20 of the 24 buttons required. Any mixture of

medium and large may be used for the 4 free choices after the above size

requirements have been fulfilled.

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.7

Mixed: Trays shall contain a minimum of 15 buttons of each size, small and

medium, for a total of 30 of the 35 buttons required. Any mixture of medium and

small may be used for the 5 free choices after the above size requirements have

been fulfilled.

Pairs/Sets: Refer to page 31.

Realistic Shapes: Trays specialized entirely to realistic shapes shall contain

30 buttons of any size unless otherwise specified in the award.

Various: Trays shall contain a minimum of 6 buttons of each size, small,

medium, and large, for a total of 18 of the 25 buttons required. Any mixture of

large, medium, small, and diminutive may be used for the 7 free choices after the

above size requirements have been fulfilled.

GUIDELINES FOR COMPETITION

The following paragraphs address some of the principles involved in

preparing entries for competition to promote understanding between exhibitor

and judge. Exhibitors and judges at the National Show competition shall adhere

to National Button Society rules only.

Assortments: In sections beginning with class “0" (assorted), the intent of

that class is to represent all types of buttons in that section. Within each section,

the major classes are in bold type. Sub-classes are indicated with decimals. In

an assortment of an entire section, each major class or one of its sub-classes

should be represented. Although a single button might represent multiple classes

within a section, each button may represent only one class when labeling. In an

assortment of a major class, each sub-class should be represented.

Back types assorted: Any type of button shank or sew-through is appropriate

throughout the competitive classification. Overall buttons with riveted and

wobble shanks are included. Related specialty types such as studs or links belong

in Div. IV. Refer to page 60, Back types.

Classes: Sections are divided into major classes (bold print) and decimal subclasses.

Classes are generally assigned to those materials, subjects and types with

enough buttons available to assemble whole trays for competition in the given

division(s). Buttons not assigned a class number may be used in an appropriate

major or unlisted class. For instance, an award might specify mammals

specialized to whales.

Although a given class may not be listed under a division due to scarcity,

buttons from that division may be used in competition. For example, impression

inlay is listed under Div. I only, but rare examples of metal impression inlays in

modern glass may be used in Divs. III and IX awards.

A button fitting the award criteria, regardless of whether it can be used under

another class, is acceptable unless specifically excluded by the award. Buttons

with decorative finishes (DF) and/or other material embellishment (OME) are

acceptable unless specifically excluded by the award.

When different types or techniques fall under the same class number, e.g.,

opaque, translucent, credit is given for each. Types or techniques separated by

slashes are considered synonymous and counted as one, e.g., turned/lathed. Refer

to page 34, Slashes or commas.

Unlisted classes often include rarer types of buttons that provide a more

complete representation of the section and credit is given for each different type

represented.

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.8

Complete representation: The purpose of any award is to represent the

greatest variety of buttons possible within the specified category. Although some

classes are more specialized in nature than others, the exhibitor should strive

toward complete and proportionate representation of the class using the best

assortment of buttons he/she can find to do so. It is to the exhibitor’s advantage

to include examples such as back marks, back types, shapes, etc., found within

the specified class(es). Label back marks. Caution should be used to avoid: 1)

using two or more buttons from a set; 2) overloading with any one particular type

of button, e.g. realistics, studios, or 18 century or 3) overloading with any single

material when an award calls for an assortment of materials. (To evaluate

“overloading”, use the 20% or less rule of thumb.)

Conversions and make-ups: Not applicable in any class. Refer to page 72,

Conversions, and to page 75, Make-ups. Converted pearl gaming pieces are not

acceptable in any division.

Divisions: Buttons shall conform to the division designated in the award.

Buttons appropriate in one division are generally not applicable in another

division. Div. II buttons may be used in Divs. I, III, and IX awards only if so

stated in the award. They will be judged as the other buttons on the tray, without

regard to special Div. II status. Refer to page 5.

Duplicates: Not appropriate unless specified. Refer to page 73.

Free choice: Pertains only to materials, types or subjects specified in the

award. For example, free choice on a tray of reptiles specialized to turtles and

snakes includes only turtles or snakes, not other reptiles.

Labeling: Although not required unless specified in the classification or by

the award, labeling aids judges and educates viewers.

Assortment classes 6- 0, 7- 0, 20- 0 and summary Secs. 16, 21, and 26 require

labeling all buttons according to class and mounting in numerical order. Each

button shall be labeled with only one class number whether or not it may

represent more than one class. Rebus buttons and pictorial symbols (Sec. 22)

require labeling, as well as awards written for radiants (Sec.7).

Back marks may be labeled “back mark” or described (“Battersea 1998" for

example). The buttons of Div. II should be labeled whenever the name of the

issuing organization is not shown in the button design, even if the logo or insignia

is commonly recognized. Labels should be typed or printed legibly and placed

on the front of the tray.

Inaccurate labeling when labeling is required can result in the disqualification

of the tray at the discretion of the judges with the approval of the Chairperson of

judges. Inaccurate labeling when labeling is not a requirement will not disqualify

the tray but will detract from it.

Materials assorted: Awards in Secs. I through 15 focus primarily on the

button material. The first class (zero class) of each material section of Divs. I,

III and IX indicates a representative assortment of the material contained in that

section, including those in the unlisted class. Subsequent major classes within a

section may have their own assortments (the decimal classes which follow).

Listed and unlisted materials receive equal credit. Awards for materials assorted

are written Cl. 1- 0 through 15- 5.

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.9

A balanced assortment of materials is assumed unless an award specifies

material(s) by class or description. The body of the button determines the

material with three exceptions. Refer to page 71, Base material.

Each different material receives equal credit, but “overloading” from a single

section should be avoided. Individual metals (brass, silver, pewter, etc.),

ceramics (Satsuma, Jasperware, etc.), shell (iridescent, non-iridescent), and

synthetic polymers (phenolic resins, casein, polyester, etc.) are considered

different materials. For classification purposes, clear and colored glass is

considered a different material from black glass and celluloid is separate from

synthetic polymer. Where variety of materials is scarce in a particular award,

different techniques of the available materials are acceptable.

Mounted in/on metal: Refer to page 75, Materials mounted in/on metal.

Pairs/Sets: Refer to page 67.

Pictorials assorted: Awards in Secs. 17 through 21 focus primarily on the

pictorial aspect of the buttons. Entries should not only emphasize a

representative assortment of the pictorial subject(s) involved but also include an

assortment of materials and techniques unless otherwise specified in the award.

To include all pictorial sections, write as Cls. 17- 0 through 20- 0.

Buttons most appropriate in one pictorial section are generally inappropriate

in others. There are however, pictorial crossovers, buttons appropriate in more

than one pictorial category. For example, crest buttons may be used in Sec. 25,

Usage; Sec. 18, Objects (heraldic devices); and pictorial classes relating to their

subject matter. Unless otherwise specified in the award, buttons with more than

one subject should be used in the class of the predominant subject. For instance,

predominant flowers shown with small insects or birds are appropriate in Sec. 19.

Buttons that focus equally on more than one pictorial section are acceptable in

all sections represented, e.g., fable or story buttons with animals are appropriate

in both Secs. 17 and 20; baskets of flowers are appropriate in both Secs. 18 and

19.

Repaired buttons: Permissible.

Reproductions: May be used in Divs. III and IX.

Sections: Divisions are divided into sections according to materials, pictorial

subjects or other specific characteristics.

Shapes assorted: All three shape types (linear, contour, and realistic) should

be represented if applicable to the award. Refer to page 62. In classes where

shapes other than circular are relatively scarce, judges may give extra credit for

rarity. However, shapes should not take precedence over class representation.

Studio buttons: Studios may be used on a Div. III or IX tray unless the award

excludes or limits their use. Labeling is recommended. Refer to page 63.

National Button Society Classification for 2008 Competition p.10

JUDGING

According to NBS Documents of Governance, the Co-chairpersons of Judges

have full authority to establish the rules for judging and spotting. When all trays

in a single award have been judged, spotters appointed by the judging co-chairs

will review the entries before hanging the trays. In the case of errors or omissions

the spotters will notify a judging co-chair who may: consult a member of the

classification committee and/or other knowledgeable person, request judges

revisit the award, or ask for re-judging. The Co-chairpersons of Judges make the

final decision regarding awards and declare the competition closed at the

appropriate time. Judging is not considered final until the trays are hung and the

Co-chairpersons of Judges have left the judging area.

Disqualification: Trays shall be disqualified for the following reasons: 1)

exhibitor’s name anywhere on the entry, 2) incorrect number of buttons, 3)

incorrect number of specified sizes, 4) incorrect button(s) for award division,

section or class specifications, 5) omitted or incorrect labeling when required, 6)

omitted or incorrect labeling and/or numerical mounting when required for

summaries and assortments.

Errors: A tray shall not be disqualified from judging and competition if the

error is of a classification nature that can be corrected by reclassifying the tray.

Errors involving inaccurate labeling when labeling is required can result in the

disqualification of the tray at the discretion of the judges with the approval of the

Chairperson of judges. Errors involving inaccurate labeling when labeling is not

required, the use of duplicate buttons, etc., will not disqualify a tray but will

detract from its total worth. Although judged, prizes may be withheld if the

judges deem a tray unworthy of such award. Errors shall be noted by the judges

on the "Remarks" section of the tray slip and the inappropriate button(s) indicated

with a "measle" (small round sticker).

RIBBONS AND PRIZES

Monetary prizes: Checks shall be mailed to Special Awards first, second,

third and merit winners.

Presentation award prizes: Sponsored presentation awards are handled by

a separate committee. State societies, clubs, or individuals may donate monetary

prizes for specified classes. By ruling of the Board of Directors, special

monetary prizes will be awarded when one or more worthy trays are entered. An

entry receiving a merit award shall be awarded the prize if it is deemed worthy

of same by the Co-chairpersons of Judges. Prizes shall be presented at the annual

awards breakfast.

Ribbons: Ribbons are given to the first, second, third and merit winners for

competitive and open awards.

First, second and third prizes: If adequate competition exists (three or more

entries) but one or more entries are deemed unworthy by reason of quality or

error, the judges, in consultation with the Co-chairpersons of Judges, shall

withhold the prize(s) involved.

Merit: If fewer than three entries are submitted in a single competitive class,

neither the first nor second prize shall be given. Provided it is worthy of such

recognition, the entry (if the only one or the better of two), shall receive a merit

ribbon. Except for number of points, this award is the equivalent of a first prize.

GLOSSARY OF SECTION

This glossary defines and explains classes for the purpose of competition. In

Divs. I, III and IX, definitions and explanations apply to all three divisions

unless Div. I or Div. III follows the class title indicating more availability of

buttons in that division. Refer to page 7, Classes.

Slashes or commas are used to indicate the eligibility of at least two types of

buttons within a class and implies either or both types may be used. When a slash

separates listed items, credit is given only once for that type since the terms are

considered synonymous. For instance, in Class 11- 4.4, shell transfer/decal,

examples of transfers or decals receive credit only once, since the processes are

so similar. When commas separate listed types or techniques within a single

class, credit is given for each different type. For instance, in Cl. 11- 5.3, shell

laminate, veneer, examples of both techniques may be used, if desired, with credit

given for each one.

Major classes are designated by bold print. An extended decimal numbering

system creates specialized sub-classes within a class. An assortment of the entire

section shall be designated by the section number followed by a zero. For

instance, Celluloid assorted is designated by the class number 1- 0, and Plants

assorted is designated by the class number 19- 0. An assortment for the entire

section should include each major (bold) class or a subclass thereof. Likewise,

when preparing an entry of a major class number, represent as many of the

decimal classes of that number as possible for a well-rounded tray. Unlisted

classes offer opportunities to use rare examples not represented by a class

number.

Complete Classification Listing

Sections and Classes

Divisions I, II, III, IV, and IX

DIVISION I OLD

DIVISION III MODERN (After 1918)

DIVISION IX AGE NOT CONSIDERED

DIVISION II UNIFORM

DIVISION IV SPECIALTIES

DIVISION VI NON-COMPETITIVE

DIVISION VII-A JUNIOR JUNIORS (8 – 12)

DIVISION VII-B INTERMEDIATE JUNIORS (13 – 17)

DIVISION VIIIEDUCATIONAL EXHIBITS

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